Sometimes writers provide synonyms and antonyms as context clues.

• • Synonyms are words with similar meanings.

  EXAMPLE

  Each time the heart contracts, or squeezes, blood squirts through blood vessels.

• • Antonyms are words with opposite meanings.

  EXAMPLE

  Many bodies accept a transplanted organ. However, others can reject it.

Use Context Clues Work with a partner. Read each sentence. Use context clues to figure out the meaning of each underlined word.

• 1. His heart was too weak to keep his body strong.

• 2. Healthy hearts have four chambers, or sections.

• 3. Anti-rejection drugs may cause side effects, or problems.

• 4. It’s a difficult thing when someone has to die in order for someone else to survive.

Nonfiction writers organize information in different ways.

• • Expository nonfiction gives information. It has a main idea that is supported by details. Each detail tells more about the main idea.

• • Procedural nonfiction tells how to do something. It has steps that are organized by numbers or signal words, such as first, next, or then.

Identify Kinds of Nonfiction Reread the third paragraph on page 294 and “Conduct Your Investigation” on page 302. Look for clues that tell you what kind of nonfiction you are reading.

Compare Kinds of Nonfiction With a partner, discuss the following questions:

• • What type of writing is each passage? How can you tell?

• • Why do you think the writer wrote each passage?