• • Lists 38, 49, 122, 274

  • Main idea diagrams 162–163, 168–169, 174, 182

  • Observation logs 79

  • Problem-and-solution charts and maps 100–101

  • Semantic maps/charts See Clusters and Word maps.

  • Sequence chains, charts, and diagrams 10–11, 16–17, 22, 30, 40–41, 46–47, 132–133, 201

  • Tables 109, 111–112, 117, 120 See also Category charts and Data charts.

  • Word maps 81, 143, 173, 233, 263

  • Word webs See Clusters.

• Inferences 156–157, 216–217

• Judgments 34–35

• Main idea and details 162–163, 168–169, 174, 182

• Make comparisons See Comparisons.

• Make observations 64–65, 79, 94–95

• Plan 125

• Problem and solution 100–101

• Relate to personal experience 2–3, 6, 34–36, 39, 49, 126, 157, 159, 188, 248

• Sequence 10–11, 16–17, 21, 22, 39, 46–47, 246–247

• Signal words 16–17

• Solve problems 19, 171

• Steps in a process 40–41, 201

• Strategies for learning language 278

• Summarize 30, 60, 90, 120, 152, 182, 201, 212, 242, 272

• Text features

  • Bar graphs 231, 238

  • Diagrams 201, 209–210

  • Callouts 84–86

  • Headings 54–59, 114–119, 146–148, 150, 176–178, 180, 266–271

  • Maps 110, 141, 143, 146, 150, 237, 261, 266

  • Photos and captions 54–59, 83–89, 112–119, 175–181, 206–211, 269–270

  • Picture charts and category labels 49, 52–58

  • Political maps 261–262, 266

  • Tables 109, 111–112, 117, 120, 207

• Text structures See Text Structures and Literary Concepts.

• Visualize 38, 66, 161

Text Structures and Literary Concepts

• Article 109, 141, 144–145, 198–199, 234–235, 258–259, 261, 264–265

• Career sketch 40–41

• Cartoon 98, 106–108, 228–229

• Description 189

• Essay 192–193

• Expository text See Nonfiction.

• Fantasy 70–71

• Fiction 10–11, 16–17, 46–47, 70–71

• Historical fiction 100–101

• How-to article 40–41

• Interview 231, 250, 274

• Journal 153, 222–223

• Letter or note 31

• Narrative poetry 136, 196, 226

• News article 138–139

• Nonfiction 22–23, 40–41, 52–53, 82–83, 109, 138–139, 141, 144–145, 162–163, 192–193, 198–199, 201, 204–205, 234–235, 250, 252–253, 258–259, 261, 264–265

• Order form 8

• Personal narrative 112–113, 168–169, 174–175

• Photo essay 22–23, 162–163, 192–193, 252–253

• Poetry 4, 36, 74, 96, 136, 166, 188, 196, 226, 248

• Postcard 189

• Problem and solution 100–101

• Rap 74

• Realistic fiction 10–11, 16–17, 46–47

• Repetition 14, 36, 44, 74, 104, 136, 248, 256

• Respond to literature 11, 17, 30, 41, 47, 60, 71, 77, 90, 101, 107, 120, 133, 139, 152, 163, 169, 182, 193, 199, 212, 223, 229, 242, 253, 260, 272

• Rhyme 4, 14, 44, 66, 74, 96, 104, 126, 136, 158, 166, 188, 196, 218, 226

• Rhythm 4, 14, 36, 44, 66, 74, 96, 104, 126, 136, 158, 166, 188, 196, 218, 226, 248, 256

• Science article 198, 201

• Song 14, 44, 66, 104, 126, 158, 196, 218, 247

• Travel article 144–145

Listening, Speaking, Viewing, and Representing

• Listening 2–4, 8, 10, 12–14, 16–18, 22, 33, 34–36, 38, 40, 42–44, 46–47, 52, 63, 64–66, 69, 70, 72–74, 76–77, 82, 93, 94–96, 99, 100, 102–104, 106–107, 109, 112, 123, 124–126, 128, 132, 134–136, 138–139, 141, 144, 155, 156–158, 160, 162, 164–166, 168–169, 174, 185, 186–188, 190, 192, 194–196, 198–199, 201, 204, 215, 216–218, 219, 222, 224–226, 228–229, 234, 245, 246–248, 250, 252, 254–256, 261, 264, 275

• Non-verbal communication 4, 67, 69, 128, 160, 219, 248

• Representing 4, 9–11, 35, 38, 40–41, 49, 60–65, 69–71, 76–77, 79, 93, 100–101, 123, 125, 128, 132–133, 138–139, 154, 157, 160–163, 168–169, 185, 192–193, 198–199, 201, 212–217, 219, 222–223, 228–229, 231, 245, 248, 252–253, 261, 275

• Speaking 2–14, 16–17, 19, 33, 34–44, 46–47, 63, 64–74, 93, 94–104, 123, 124–136, 155, 156–166, 185, 186–196, 215, 216–226, 231, 245, 246–256, 275

• Viewing 2–3, 34–35, 64–65, 69, 93, 94–95, 123, 124–125, 131, 156–157, 186–187, 216–217, 230, 245, 246–247, 275

Writing

• Audience 33, 63, 93, 123, 155, 185, 215, 245, 275, 314

• Blog 273

• Collect ideas 32, 62, 92, 122, 154, 184, 214, 244, 274, 314

• Commands 188

• Comparisons 183

• Description 37, 61, 153, 183, 189, 213, 230, 243, 248–250, 260, 273

• Details 154, 184, 244, 315

• Directions 61

• Draft 32, 62, 92, 122, 154, 184, 214, 244, 274, 316

• Edit and proofread 33, 63, 93, 123, 155, 185, 215, 245, 275, 318

• Effective sentences 18, 68, 280–282

• E-mail 31

• Evaluate your writing 33, 63, 93, 123, 155, 185, 215, 245, 275, 319

• Expository writing 36, 38, 49, 66, 91, 121, 213

• Expressive writing 31, 153, 189, 243, 273

• Fact sheet 121

• Family description 183

• Friendly letter See Letters and notes.

• Handwriting 306

• How-to card 61

• Interview 91, 231, 250, 274