• Index of Skills, continued

• Word-Learning Strategies

  • interpret non-literal language 394, 395

    • idioms 394, 443

    • metaphors 394, 417

    • personification 394, 417

    • similes 394, 417

  • relate words 84, 85, 107, 131, 161

    • antonyms 161

    • cognates 131

    • synonyms 84, 107, 161

  • review vocabulary 25, 49, 71, 105, 129, 159, 195, 215, 235, 265, 289, 313, 345, 365, 383, 415, 441, 461, 491, 521, 541, 569, 589, 621

  • use context clues 246, 247, 291, 322, 323, 347, 367, 385, 552, 553, 571, 591, 623

    • definition clues 246, 267

    • example clues 246, 267

    • restatement clues 246, 267

  • use a graphic organizer 10, 34

    • category chart 114

    • definition map 298

    • example web 90, 578

    • expanded meaning map 34, 224, 274, 332, 424, 500

    • vocabulary example chart 10

    • study card 58, 138, 176, 252, 558

    • synonym scale 84, 161

    • synonym-antonym chart 400

    • synonym-antonym scale 161

    • word map 478

  • use word origins 472, 473, 523, 543

    • Anglo-Saxon roots 523

    • borrowed words 493

    • Greek and Latin roots 472, 523

    • words from Greek and Latin mythology 543

  • use word parts 4, 5, 73, 170, 171, 198, 217, 237

    • base words 4, 27, 51, 73, 170, 198, 217, 237

    • compound words 27, 73

    • prefixes 170, 171, 198, 237

    • suffixes 4, 5, 51, 73, 170, 171, 217, 237

  • word-learning routines 10, 34, 58, 90, 114, 138, 176, 204, 224, 252, 274, 298, 332, 354, 374, 400, 424, 450, 478, 500, 530, 558, 578, 596

Language and Grammar

• Language Functions

  • ask and answer questions 7, 9, 29

  • ask for and give information 173, 175, 199

  • clarify and verify 295, 297, 317

  • define and explain 87, 89, 109, 271, 273, 293

  • describe an event 201, 203, 219

  • describe animals and things 329, 331, 349

  • elaborate 371, 373, 387

  • engage in conversation 135, 137, 163

  • engage in discussion 421, 423, 445

  • express ideas and opinions 55, 57, 75

  • express opinions 397, 399, 419

  • give and follow directions 527, 529, 545

  • give information 31, 33, 53

  • justify 447, 449, 465

  • make comparisons 249, 251, 269, 351, 353, 369

  • negotiate 575, 577, 593

  • persuade 555, 557, 573

  • retell a story 111, 113, 133

  • summarize 221, 223, 239, 497, 499, 525

  • tell an original story 51, 475, 477, 495

  • use appropriate language 595, 597, 625

• Grammar

  • see also Writing & Grammar

  • adjectives 330, 331, 349, 352, 353

    • comparative 352, 369

    • possessive 476, 477, 495

  • adverbs 372, 373, 387

  • clauses 422, 448

    • dependent 448

    • independent 422, 448

  • conjunctions 422, 445, 448

  • modifiers see adjectives, adverbs

  • nouns 32, 33, 53, 250, 251, 269, 398, 476, 477

    • object 250, 269

    • plural 32

    • singular 32

    • subject 250, 269

  • participial phrases 528, 529, 545

  • participles 498, 499, 525, 528, 529, 576

  • predicate 8, 9, 29, 56, 133, 250, 251, 297, 398, 419

  • prepositional phrases 293

  • prepositions 272, 273

  • pronouns 88, 269, 296, 297, 317

    • indefinite 136, 137, 163

    • object 269, 296, 317

    • possessive 495

    • subject 88, 89, 109, 269, 296, 317, 476

  • sentence

    • combining 528

    • command 8

    • complete 8, 9, 29, 133, 398, 399, 419

    • complex 448, 449, 465

    • compound 422, 423, 445

    • exclamation 8

    • question 8

    • statement 8

  • spelling 32, 53

  • subject 8, 9, 29, 133, 250, 251, 297, 398, 399, 419, 422, 448

  • subject-verb agreement 55, 57, 75, 133, 163

  • verbs 56, 57, 75, 174, 398, 399, 422, 448, 556

    • action 56, 75

    • be 112, 113, 133, 202, 203, 219, 239

    • do 239

    • future tense 556, 557, 573

    • have 112, 113, 133, 219, 239

    • irregular 202, 219, 222, 223, 239

    • past perfect tense 596, 597

    • past tense 174, 175, 199, 203, 219, 222, 223, 239, 498, 556, 557, 573, 593, 596

  • plural 136

    • present perfect tense 576, 577, 593

    • present tense 174, 175, 498, 556, 557, 573

  • principal parts 498

  • singular 136

Listening & Speaking

• Activities

  • discussion 28, 30, 52, 73, 74, 107, 131, 165, 172, 218, 220, 237, 241, 319, 389, 467, 547, 627

  • entertaining speech 316

  • informational presentation 348, 367, 386, 543

  • interview 9, 291, 385, 627

  • narrative presentation 162, 494

  • oral response to literature 444

  • informal presentations 28, 108, 132, 218

  • persuasive speech 592

  • problem-solution presentation 238

  • read aloud 493, 523

  • readers theater 623

  • recite 315

  • role-play 29, 163, 241, 291, 293, 387, 389, 593, 594

  • story 51

• Strategies

  • engage the listener’s attention 162

  • evaluate spoken messages for bias 52

  • identify main idea and details in spoken messages 368

  • listen for a purpose 7, 31, 52, 55, 87, 111, 135, 173, 201, 221, 249, 271, 295, 329, 351, 368, 371, 397, 421, 447, 475, 497, 527, 555, 575, 592, 595

  • organize ideas 162, 238, 316, 348, 367, 386, 543

  • paraphrase spoken messages 368

  • speaking protocol and techniques

    • eye contact 162, 238, 315, 444, 494, 543

    • facial expressions 51, 132, 218, 444, 493, 494

    • gestures 51, 162, 218, 444, 494

    • nonverbal cues pace 51, 493

    • pitch 51, 218

    • tone 444

    • volume 51, 132, 162, 238, 316, 444, 493, 543

  • summarize spoken messages 52